Cells questions F
Q1.
Living organisms are made of cells.
(a)     Animal and plant cells have several parts. Each part has a different function.
Draw one line from each cell part to the correct function of that part.
 
(3)
(b)     The diagram below shows a cell from a plant leaf.
 
Which two parts in the diagram above are not found in an animal cell?
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q2.
Human cells and yeast cells have some parts that are the same.
(a)     The diagram shows a yeast cell.
 
Parts A and B are found in human cells and in yeast cells. On the diagram, label parts A and B.
(2)
(b)     Many types of cell can divide to form new cells.
Some cells in human skin can divide to make new skin cells.
Why do human skin cells need to divide?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c)     Human stem cells can develop into many different types of human cell.
(i)      Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
 
embryos	hair	nerve cells	
Human stem cells may come from
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii)     Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
 
cystic fibrosis	paralysis	polydactyly	
Human stem cells can be used to treat
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3.
Cells, tissues and organs are adapted to take in different substances and get rid of different substances.
The table shows the concentration of four ions outside cells and inside cells.
 
Ion	Concentration outside cells in mmol per dm3	Concentration inside cells in mmol per dm3	
Sodium	140	    9	
Potassium	    7	138	
Calcium	    2	  27	
Chloride	118	    3	
(a)     Use information from the table above to complete the following sentences.
Sodium ions will move into cells by the process
of __________________________________ .
Potassium ions will move into cells by the process
of __________________________________ .
(2)
(b)     Some students investigated the effect of the different concentrations of sugar in four drinks, A, B, C and D, on the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane.
The students:
•        made four bags from artificial partially permeable membrane
•        put equal volumes of 5% sugar solution in each bag
•        weighed each bag containing the sugar solution
•        placed one bag in each of the drinks, A, B, C and D
•        after 20 minutes removed the bags containing the sugar solution and weighed them again.
The diagram below shows how they set up the investigation.
 
(i)      The bag in drink A got heavier after 20 minutes.
Explain why.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(3)
(ii)     In which drink, A, B, C or D, would you expect the bag to show the smallest change in mass?
 
Tick (✔) one box.	 	
 
A		 	B		 	C		 	D		
(1)
(iii)     Explain why you think the bag you chose in part (b)(ii) would show the smallest change.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q4.
(a)     In humans there are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
The table below gives statements about cell division.
Tick () one box in each row to show if the statement is true for mitosis only, for meiosis only, or for both mitosis and meiosis.
The first row has been done for you.
 
Statement	Mitosis only	Meiosis only	Both mitosis
and meiosis	
How cells are replaced				
How gametes are made				
How a fertilised egg undergoes cell division				
How copies of the genetic information are made				
How genetically identical cells are produced				
(4)
(b)     Stem cells can be taken from human embryos.
In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced that has the same genes as the patient.
(i)      Name one source of human stem cells, other than human embryos.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii)     Stem cells from embryos can be transplanted into patients for medical treatment.
Give one advantage of using stem cells from embryos, compared with cells from the source you named in part (i).
(1)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(Total 6 marks)
Q5.
The image below shows some muscle cells from the wall of the stomach, as seen through a light microscope.
 
(a)     Describe the function of muscle cells in the wall of the stomach.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b)     Figure above is highly magnified.
The scale bar in Figure above represents 0.1 mm.
Use a ruler to measure the length of the scale bar and then calculate the magnification of Figure above.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Magnification = _______________ times
(2)
(c)     The muscle cells in Figure above contain many mitochondria.
What is the function of mitochondria?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(d)     The muscle cells also contain many ribosomes. The ribosomes cannot be seen in Figure above.
(i)      What is the function of a ribosome?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii)     Suggest why the ribosomes cannot be seen through a light microscope.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Mark schemes
Q1.
(a)    
extra lines cancel
3
(b)     Cell wall
in either order
1
Chloroplast
allow (permanent) vacuole
1
[5]
Q2.
(a)      A = nucleus
allow phonetic spelling
1
B = (cell) membrane
1
(b)     for repair / growth or to replace cells
ignore new cells / skin
1
(c)     (i)      embryos
1
(ii)     paralysis
1
[5]
Q3.
(a)     diffusion
1
active transport
1
this order only
(b)     (i)      concentration (of sugar) in the bag was higher (than in the drink)
allow concentration (of sugar) in the drink was lower (than in the bag)
or
higher concentration of water outside the bag or in the drink / boiling tube
allow higher water potential outside the bag or lower water potential inside the bag
1
(so) water moved in (to the tubing)
allow water moves down its concentration gradient
do not allow sugar moving
1
by osmosis
allow diffusion (of water)
do not allow sugar moving by osmosis or water moving by active transport
1
(ii)     B
1
(iii)     close(st) to the concentration in the bag or to 5%
allow small(est) diffusion gradient or close(st) to an equilibrium
1
(so rate of) diffusion / osmosis is slow
allow (so) less water moves in (to the bag)
ignore ref. to sugar
1
[8]
Q4.
(a)     
 
 	Mitosis only	Meiosis only	Both mitosis and meiosis	
How cells are replaced		 	 	
How gametes are made	 		 	
How a fertilised egg undergoes cell division		 	 	
How copies of the genetic information are made	 	 		
How genetically identical cells are produced		 	 	
if more than one tick per row then no mark
ignore first row
1
1
1
1
(b)     (i)      (adult) bone marrow
accept (umbilical) cord blood, skin, amniotic fluid / membrane
1
(ii)     cells will not be rejected by the patient’s body (if they have been produced by therapeutic cloning)
allow easier to obtain linked to embryo stem cells
or
(embryo stem cells) can develop into many different types of cells
allow doesn’t need an operation linked to bone marrow
or
(embryo stem cells) not yet differentiated / specialised or undifferentiated
accept embryo cells are pluripotent
1
[6]
Q5.
(a)     contract / shorten
ignore relax
do not allow expand
1
to churn / move / mix food
accept peristalsis / mechanical digestion
ignore movement unqualified
1
(b)     400
acceptable range 390-410
allow 1 mark for answer in range of 39 to 41
allow 1 mark for answer in range of 3900 to 4100
2
(c)     to transfer energy for use
allow to release / give / supply / provide energy
do not allow to ‘make’ / ߢproduce’ / ‘create’ energy
allow to make ATP
ignore to store energy
1
by (aerobic) respiration or from glucose
do not allow anaerobic
energy released for respiration = max 1 mark
1
(d)     (i)      to make protein / enzyme
ignore ‘antibody’ or other named protein
1
(ii)     too small / very small
allow light microscope does not have sufficient magnification / resolution
allow ribosomes are smaller than mitochondria
ignore not sensitive enough
ignore ribosomes are transparent
1
[8]